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Etiological Agent Anthrax is a bacterial disease caused by spore forming gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus anthracis. Species Affected Most of the mammals and ruminants are highly susceptible. Pigs and Horses are moderately susceptible. Carnivores are relatively resistant. Clinical Signs Sudden death may be observed in cattle and sheep. Just prior to death, animals may show signs of high fever. Blood may be present around the nose, mouth and anus. Occasionally oedema develops in the throat and shoulder over a period of one week before death. Preventive Measures Sudden death of cattle and sheep without any other obvious signs may be suspected for anthrax and such carcasses may be tested for anthrax before they are moved. This will help to reduce the risk of contamination if anthrax is confirmed. The carcasses may not be opened and may be disposed of by deep burying covered with lime powder. The contaminated area may be disinfected with 4% formalin or 10% caustic soda and the grazing area may be restricted. Ring vaccination and disease reporting are advised. Vaccination to be done in consultation with the veterinarians and as decided by state animal husbandry authorities. Strict bio-security measures may be followed.
Source: AICRP Bangalore
